{"id":3135,"date":"2021-04-20T15:26:11","date_gmt":"2021-04-20T09:56:11","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/python-programs.com\/?p=3135"},"modified":"2021-11-22T18:39:23","modified_gmt":"2021-11-22T13:09:23","slug":"python-programming-scope","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/python-programs.com\/python-programming-scope\/","title":{"rendered":"Python Programming \u2013 Scope"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>In this Page, We are Providing Python Programming \u2013 Scope. Students can visit for more Detail and Explanation of <a href=\"https:\/\/python-programs.com\/python-handwritten-notes\/\">Python Handwritten Notes<\/a>\u00a0Pdf.<\/p>\n<h2>Python Programming \u2013 Scope<\/h2>\n<p><strong>Scope<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>A scope defines the visibility of a name within a block. If a local variable is defined in a block, its scope includes that block. If the definition occurs in a function block, the scope extends to any blocks contained within the defining one. The scope of names defined in a class block is limited to the class block. If a name is bound in a block, it is a local variable of that block. If a name is bound at the module level, it is a global variable. The variables of the module code block are local and global.<\/p>\n<p>In Python, variables that are only referenced inside a function are implicitly global. If a variable is ever assigned a new value inside the function, the variable is implicitly local, and the programmer need to explicitly declare it as global.<\/p>\n<p>The scope is bit difficult to understand, the following examples might prove fruitful.<\/p>\n<pre>def f ( ) :\r\n\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 print s\r\ns=\" I hate spam \"\r\nf ( )<\/pre>\n<p>The variable s is defined as the string &#8220;I hate spam&#8221;, before the function call f ( ). The only statement in f ( ) is the print statement. As there is no local variable s in f ( ), the value from the global s will be used. So the output will be the string &#8220;I hate spam&#8221;. The question is, what will happen, if the programmer changes the value of s inside of the function f ( ) ? Will it affect the global s as well? The test is in the following piece of code:<\/p>\n<pre>def f ( ) :\r\n\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 s=\"Me too.\" \r\n\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 print s\r\ns=\" I hate spam.\" \r\nf ( )\r\nprint s<\/pre>\n<p>The output looks like the following. It can be observed that s in f ( ) is local variable of f ( ).<\/p>\n<pre>Me too.\r\nI hate spam.<\/pre>\n<p>The following example tries to combine the previous two examples i.e. first access s and then assigning a value tp it in function<br \/>\nf ( ).<\/p>\n<pre>def f ( ) :\r\n\u00a0 \u00a0 print s \r\n\u00a0 \u00a0 s=\"Me too.\" \r\n\u00a0 \u00a0 print s\r\n\r\ns=\" I hate spam.\" \r\nf ( )\r\nprint s<\/pre>\n<p>The code will raise an exception- UnboundLocalError: local variable &#8216;s&#8217; referenced before assignment<\/p>\n<p>Python assumes that a local variable is required due to the assignment to s anywhere inside f ( ), so the first print statement gives the error message. Any variable which is changed or created inside of a function is local, if it has not been declared as a global variable. To tell Python to recognize the variable as global, use the keyword global, as shown in the following example.<\/p>\n<pre>def f ( ) :\r\n\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 global s \r\n\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 print s\r\n\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 s=\" That's clear.\" \r\n\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 print s\r\n\r\ns=\"Python is great ! \" \r\nf ( )\r\nprint s\r\n\r\n<\/pre>\n<p>Now there is no ambiguity. The output is as follows:<\/p>\n<pre>Python is great !\r\nThat's clear.\r\nThat's clear.<\/pre>\n<p>Local variables of functions cannot be accessed from outside the function code block.<\/p>\n<pre>def f ( ) :\r\ns=\" I am globally not known\" \r\n\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0print s\r\nf ( )\r\nprint s<\/pre>\n<p>Executing the above code will give following error message- NameError : name &#8216;s&#8217; is not defined<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>In this Page, We are Providing Python Programming \u2013 Scope. Students can visit for more Detail and Explanation of Python Handwritten Notes\u00a0Pdf. Python Programming \u2013 Scope Scope A scope defines the visibility of a name within a block. If a local variable is defined in a block, its scope includes that block. If the definition &hellip;<\/p>\n<p class=\"read-more\"> <a class=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/python-programs.com\/python-programming-scope\/\"> <span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Python Programming \u2013 Scope<\/span> Read More &raquo;<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"spay_email":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_is_tweetstorm":false,"jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true},"categories":[5],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v18.9 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Python Programming \u2013 Scope - Python Programs<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/python-programs.com\/python-programming-scope\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Python Programming \u2013 Scope - Python Programs\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"In this Page, We are Providing Python Programming \u2013 Scope. Students can visit for more Detail and Explanation of Python Handwritten Notes\u00a0Pdf. Python Programming \u2013 Scope Scope A scope defines the visibility of a name within a block. If a local variable is defined in a block, its scope includes that block. If the definition &hellip; Python Programming \u2013 Scope Read More &raquo;\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/python-programs.com\/python-programming-scope\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Python Programs\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/btechgeeks\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2021-04-20T09:56:11+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2021-11-22T13:09:23+00:00\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@btech_geeks\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@btech_geeks\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Prasanna\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"3 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/python-programs.com\/#organization\",\"name\":\"BTech Geeks\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/python-programs.com\/\",\"sameAs\":[\"https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/btechgeeks\/\",\"https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/btechgeeks\",\"https:\/\/in.pinterest.com\/btechgeek\/\",\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/channel\/UC9MlCqdJ3lKqz2p5114SDIg\",\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/btechgeeks\",\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/btech_geeks\"],\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/python-programs.com\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/python-programs.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/BTechGeeks.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/python-programs.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/BTechGeeks.png\",\"width\":350,\"height\":70,\"caption\":\"BTech Geeks\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/python-programs.com\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/\"}},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/python-programs.com\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/python-programs.com\/\",\"name\":\"Python Programs\",\"description\":\"Python Programs with Examples, How To Guides on Python\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/python-programs.com\/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\/\/python-programs.com\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":\"required name=search_term_string\"}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/python-programs.com\/python-programming-scope\/#webpage\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/python-programs.com\/python-programming-scope\/\",\"name\":\"Python Programming \u2013 Scope - Python Programs\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/python-programs.com\/#website\"},\"datePublished\":\"2021-04-20T09:56:11+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2021-11-22T13:09:23+00:00\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/python-programs.com\/python-programming-scope\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/python-programs.com\/python-programming-scope\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/python-programs.com\/python-programming-scope\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/python-programs.com\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Python Programming \u2013 Scope\"}]},{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/python-programs.com\/python-programming-scope\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/python-programs.com\/python-programming-scope\/#webpage\"},\"author\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/python-programs.com\/#\/schema\/person\/ea8ce699662f0d7e248e52fe080b85bb\"},\"headline\":\"Python Programming \u2013 Scope\",\"datePublished\":\"2021-04-20T09:56:11+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2021-11-22T13:09:23+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/python-programs.com\/python-programming-scope\/#webpage\"},\"wordCount\":434,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/python-programs.com\/#organization\"},\"articleSection\":[\"Python\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/python-programs.com\/python-programming-scope\/#respond\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/python-programs.com\/#\/schema\/person\/ea8ce699662f0d7e248e52fe080b85bb\",\"name\":\"Prasanna\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/python-programs.com\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/174540ad43736c7d1a4c4f83c775e74d?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/174540ad43736c7d1a4c4f83c775e74d?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"caption\":\"Prasanna\"},\"url\":\"https:\/\/python-programs.com\/author\/prasanna\/\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Python Programming \u2013 Scope - Python Programs","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/python-programs.com\/python-programming-scope\/","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"Python Programming \u2013 Scope - Python Programs","og_description":"In this Page, We are Providing Python Programming \u2013 Scope. Students can visit for more Detail and Explanation of Python Handwritten Notes\u00a0Pdf. Python Programming \u2013 Scope Scope A scope defines the visibility of a name within a block. If a local variable is defined in a block, its scope includes that block. If the definition &hellip; Python Programming \u2013 Scope Read More &raquo;","og_url":"https:\/\/python-programs.com\/python-programming-scope\/","og_site_name":"Python Programs","article_publisher":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/btechgeeks","article_published_time":"2021-04-20T09:56:11+00:00","article_modified_time":"2021-11-22T13:09:23+00:00","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_creator":"@btech_geeks","twitter_site":"@btech_geeks","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"Prasanna","Est. reading time":"3 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/python-programs.com\/#organization","name":"BTech Geeks","url":"https:\/\/python-programs.com\/","sameAs":["https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/btechgeeks\/","https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/btechgeeks","https:\/\/in.pinterest.com\/btechgeek\/","https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/channel\/UC9MlCqdJ3lKqz2p5114SDIg","https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/btechgeeks","https:\/\/twitter.com\/btech_geeks"],"logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/python-programs.com\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/python-programs.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/BTechGeeks.png","contentUrl":"https:\/\/python-programs.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/BTechGeeks.png","width":350,"height":70,"caption":"BTech Geeks"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/python-programs.com\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/"}},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/python-programs.com\/#website","url":"https:\/\/python-programs.com\/","name":"Python Programs","description":"Python Programs with Examples, How To Guides on Python","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/python-programs.com\/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/python-programs.com\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":"required name=search_term_string"}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/python-programs.com\/python-programming-scope\/#webpage","url":"https:\/\/python-programs.com\/python-programming-scope\/","name":"Python Programming \u2013 Scope - Python Programs","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/python-programs.com\/#website"},"datePublished":"2021-04-20T09:56:11+00:00","dateModified":"2021-11-22T13:09:23+00:00","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/python-programs.com\/python-programming-scope\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/python-programs.com\/python-programming-scope\/"]}]},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/python-programs.com\/python-programming-scope\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/python-programs.com\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Python Programming \u2013 Scope"}]},{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/python-programs.com\/python-programming-scope\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/python-programs.com\/python-programming-scope\/#webpage"},"author":{"@id":"https:\/\/python-programs.com\/#\/schema\/person\/ea8ce699662f0d7e248e52fe080b85bb"},"headline":"Python Programming \u2013 Scope","datePublished":"2021-04-20T09:56:11+00:00","dateModified":"2021-11-22T13:09:23+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/python-programs.com\/python-programming-scope\/#webpage"},"wordCount":434,"commentCount":0,"publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/python-programs.com\/#organization"},"articleSection":["Python"],"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"CommentAction","name":"Comment","target":["https:\/\/python-programs.com\/python-programming-scope\/#respond"]}]},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/python-programs.com\/#\/schema\/person\/ea8ce699662f0d7e248e52fe080b85bb","name":"Prasanna","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/python-programs.com\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/174540ad43736c7d1a4c4f83c775e74d?s=96&d=mm&r=g","contentUrl":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/174540ad43736c7d1a4c4f83c775e74d?s=96&d=mm&r=g","caption":"Prasanna"},"url":"https:\/\/python-programs.com\/author\/prasanna\/"}]}},"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/python-programs.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3135"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/python-programs.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/python-programs.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/python-programs.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/python-programs.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3135"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/python-programs.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3135\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3139,"href":"https:\/\/python-programs.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3135\/revisions\/3139"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/python-programs.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3135"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/python-programs.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3135"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/python-programs.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3135"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}