{"id":3577,"date":"2021-04-24T12:15:04","date_gmt":"2021-04-24T06:45:04","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/python-programs.com\/?p=3577"},"modified":"2021-11-22T18:38:46","modified_gmt":"2021-11-22T13:08:46","slug":"python-programming-constants","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/python-programs.com\/python-programming-constants\/","title":{"rendered":"Python Programming \u2013 Constants"},"content":{"rendered":"

In this Page, We are Providing Python Programming \u2013 Constants. Students can visit for more Detail and Explanation of Python Handwritten Notes<\/a>\u00a0Pdf.<\/p>\n

Python Programming \u2013 Constants<\/h2>\n

Constants<\/strong><\/p>\n

math.pi
\nThe mathematical constant \u03c0.<\/p>\n

math. e
\nThe mathematical constant e.<\/p>\n

>>> math.e
\n2.718281828459045<\/p>\n

Number-theoretic and representation functions<\/strong><\/p>\n

math . ceil ( x )
\nReturn the ceiling of x as a float, the smallest integer value greater than or equal to x.<\/p>\n

>>> import math \r\n>>> math . ceil ( -3 . 2 )\r\n-3 . 0\r\n>>> math . ceil ( 3 . 2 )\r\n4 . 0<\/pre>\n
math . copysign ( x , y )
\nReturn x with the sign of y.<\/p>\n
>>> math . copysign ( 5 . 1 , -2 . 8 )\r\n-5 . 1\r\n>>> math . copysign ( -5 . 1 , 2 . 8 )\r\n5 . 1<\/pre>\n
math . tabs ( x )
\nReturn the absolute value of x.<\/p>\n
>>> math . fabs ( - 4 . 2 )\r\n4 . 2<\/pre>\n
math . factorial ( x )
\nReturn x factorial. Raises ValueError, if x is not integral or is negative.<\/p>\n
>>> math . factorial ( 5 ) \r\n120 \r\n>>> math . factorial ( -5 ) \r\nTraceback ( most recent call last ) :\r\nFile \"<stdin>\", line 1, in <module>\r\nValueError: factorial ( ) not defined for negative values<\/pre>\n
math . floor ( x )
\nReturn the largest integer value less than or equal to x as a float.<\/p>\n
>>> math . floor ( -3 . 2 )\r\n-4 . 0\r\n>>> math . floor ( 3 . 2 )\r\n3 . 0<\/pre>\n
math . fmod ( x , y )
\nReturn remainder of a division expression. Note that the Python expression x%y may not return the same result. The result of fmod (x, y) has same sign as x, while x%y returns a result with the sign of y instead.<\/p>\n
>>> math . fmod ( 5 . 0 , -2 . 0 )\r\n1 . 0\r\n>>> 5 . 0% -2 . 0 \r\n-1 . 0\r\n>>> math . fmod ( -5 . 0 , 2 . 0 )\r\n-1 . 0\r\n>>> -5 . 0 % 2 . 0\r\n1 . 0<\/pre>\n
Consider the following interesting scenario.<\/p>\n
>>> math . fmod ( -1e-100 , 1e100)\r\n-1e-100 \r\n>>> -1e-100 % 1e100\r\n1e +100<\/pre>\n
It can be observed that fmod (-1e-100 , 1e100) returns -1e-100, but the result of Python’s – 1e-100%1e100 is 1e100-1e-100, which cannot be represented exactly as a float, and rounds to the surprising 1e100. For this reason, function fmod ( ) is generally preferred when working with floats, while Python’s x % y is preferred when working with integers.<\/p>\n
math . frexp ( x )
\nReturn the mantissa and exponent of x as the pair (m, e). The m is a float and e is an integer such that x = m x 2e<\/sup> exactly. If x is zero, returns ( 0 . 0 , 0 ) , otherwise 0 . 5<=abs ( m ) <1.<\/p>\n
>>> math . frexp ( 4 . 0 )\r\n( 0 . 5 , 3 )\r\n>>> 0 . 5*2**3\r\n4 . 0\r\n>>> math . frexp ( 0 . 1 )\r\n( 0 . 8 , -3 )\r\n>>> 0 . 8* 2**-3\r\n0 . 1\r\n>>> math . frexp ( -4 . 0 )\r\n( -0 . 5 , 3 )\r\n>>> -0 . 5*2**3\r\n- 4 . 0<\/pre>\n
math.fsum(iterable)
\nReturn an accurate floating point sum of values in the iterable.<\/p>\n
>>> math . fsum ( [ . 1 , . 1 , . 1 , . 1 , . 1 , . 1 , . 1 , . 1 , . 1 , . 1 ] )\r\n1 . 0<\/pre>\n
math . isinf ( x )
\nCheck if the float x is positive or negative infinity.<\/p>\n
>>> a=1e+300\r\n>>> a\r\n1e+300\r\n>>> math . isinf ( 1e+300 )\r\nFalse\r\n>>> a=1e+310\r\n>>> a\r\ninf\r\n>>> math . isinf ( 1e+310 )\r\nTrue<\/pre>\n
Calculating an exponent with floating point values, in particular, raises Overf lowError instead of preserving the inf result.<\/p>\n
>>> a=10 . 0**310\r\n\r\nTraceback ( most recent call last ) :\r\nFile \"<pyshell#l>\", line 1, in <module>\r\n    a=10 . 0**310\r\nOverflowError: (34 , ' Result too large ' )<\/pre>\n
math . isnan ( x )
\nCheck if the float x is a nan (not a number), nan does not compare as equal to any value, even itself, so nan should be checked using isnan () function.<\/p>\n
>>> a=1e+310\r\n>>> a\r\ninf\r\n>>> b=a\/a\r\n>>> b\r\nnan\r\n>>> math . isnan ( a )\r\nFalse\r\n>>> math . isnan ( b )\r\nTrue<\/pre>\n
math . ldexp ( x , i )
\nReturn x* (2**i). This function is reverse of function frexp ( ).<\/p>\n
>>> math . 1dexp ( -0 . 5 , 3 )\r\n-4 . 0\r\n>>> -0 . 5*2**3\r\n-4 . 0\r\n>>> math . ldexp ( 0 . 8 , -3 )\r\n0 . 1\r\n>>> 0 . 8*2**-3\r\n0 . 1<\/pre>\n
math . modf ( x )
\nReturn the fractional and integer parts of x. Both results carry the sign of x and are floats.<\/p>\n
>>> math . modf ( 1 . 5 )\r\n( 0 . 5 , 1 . 0 )\r\n\r\n>>> math . modf ( -1 . 5 )\r\n( -0 . 5 , -1 . 0 )<\/pre>\n
math . trunc ( x )
\nReturn the real value x truncated to an integer.<\/p>\n
>>> math . trunc ( 93 . 2508 )\r\n93\r\n>>> math . trunc ( -93 . 2508 )\r\n-93<\/pre>\n
Power and logarithmic functions<\/strong><\/p>\n
math . exp ( x )
\nReturn ex<\/sup>.<\/p>\n
>>> math . e**-3 . 2\r\n0 . 04076220397836622\r\n>>> math . pow ( math . e , -3 . 2 )\r\n0 . 04076220397836622\r\n>>> math . exp ( -3 . 2 )\r\n0 . 04076220397836621<\/pre>\n
math . expm1 ( x )
\nReturn ex<\/sup>-1. For small floats x, the subtraction in exp(x)-1 can result in a significant loss of precision; the expml ( ) function provides a way to compute this quantity to full precision:<\/p>\n
>>> x=0 . 0000000000000000000000001\r\n>>> math . exp ( x ) , -1\r\n0 . 0\r\n>>> math . expm1 ( x )\r\n1e - 25<\/pre>\n
math . log ( x [ , base ] )
\nWith one argument, return the natural logarithm of x (to base e). With two arguments, return the logarithm of x to the given base, calculated as log (x) \/ log (base).<\/p>\n
>>> math . log ( 9 )\r\n2 . 1972245773362196\r\n>>> math . log ( 9 , 2 )\r\n3 . 1699250014423126<\/pre>\n
math . loglp ( x )
\nReturn the natural logarithm of 1+x (base e). The result is calculated in a way which is accurate for x near zero.<\/p>\n
>>>x=0.0000000000000000000000001\r\n>>> X\r\n1e-25\r\n>>> 1+x\r\n1 . 0\r\n>>> math . 1og ( 1 +x )\r\n0 . 0\r\n>>> math . 1og1p ( x )\r\n1e-25<\/pre>\n
math . 1og10 ( x )
\nReturn the base-10 logarithm of x. This is usually more accurate than log (x, 10).<\/p>\n
>>> math . 1og10 ( 100 )\r\n2 . 0\r\n>>> math . 1og10 ( 10000 )\r\n4 . 0<\/pre>\n
math . pow ( x , y )
\nReturn x raised to the power y. In particular, pow ( 1 . 0 , x ) and pow ( x , 0 . 0 ) always return 1.0, even when x is a zero or a NaN. If both x and y are finite, x is negative, and y is not an integer then pow (x, y) is undefined, and raises ValueError.<\/p>\n
>>> math.pow ( 9 . 0 , 0 . 5 )\r\n3 . 0\r\n>>> math . pow ( -9 . 0 , 0 . 5 )\r\nTraceback ( most recent call last ) :\r\nFile \"<stdin>\" , line 1 , in <module>\r\nValueError: math domain error<\/pre>\n
Unlike the built-in * * operator, math. pow ( ) converts both its arguments to type float.<\/p>\n
math . sqrt( x )
\nReturn the square root of x. Computing the square roots of negative numbers requires complex numbers, which are not handled by math module. Any attempt to calculate a square root of a negative value results in ValueError.<\/p>\n
>>> math . sqrt ( 9 . 0 )\r\n3 . 0\r\n>>> math . sqrt ( -9 , 0 )\r\n\r\nTraceback (most recent call last):\r\nFile \"<pyshell#62>\", line 1, in <module>\r\nmath . sqrt ( -9 . 0 )\r\nValueError: math domain error<\/pre>\n
Trigonometric functions<\/strong><\/p>\n
math . acos ( x )
\nReturn the arc cosine of x, in radians.<\/p>\n
>>> math . acos ( 0 . 5 )\r\n1 . 0471975511965979<\/pre>\n
math . asin ( x )
\nReturn the arc sine of x, in radians.<\/p>\n
>>> math . asin ( 0 . 5 )\r\n0 . 5235987755982989<\/pre>\n
math . atan ( x )
\nReturn the arc tangent of x, in radians.<\/p>\n
>>> math . atan ( 0 . 5 )\r\n0 . 4636476090008061<\/pre>\n
math . atan2 ( y , x )
\nReturn atan(y\/x), in radians. The resuit is between -TI and TI. The vector in the plane from the origin to point (x, y) makes this angle with the positive X axis. The point of atan2 () is that the signs of both inputs are known to it, so it can compute the correct quadrant for the angle. For example, atan (1) and atan2 (1,1) are both n \/4, but atan2 (-1,-1) is -3#\/4.<\/p>\n
>>> math . atan ( 1 . 0 )\r\n0 . 7853981633974483\r\n>>> math . pi \/ 4\r\n0 . 7853981633974483<\/pre>\n
math . cos ( x )
\nReturn the cosine of x radians.<\/p>\n
>>> math . cos ( 0 . 7853981633974483 )\r\n0 . 7071067811865476<\/pre>\n
math . hypot ( x , y )
\nReturn the Euclidean distance, \\(\\sqrt{x^{2}+y^{2}}\\) . This is the length of the vector from the origin to point (x,y).<\/p>\n
>>> math . hypot ( 3 . 0 , 4 . 0 )\r\n5 . 0<\/pre>\n
math . sin ( x )
\nReturn the sine of x radians.<\/p>\n
>>> math . sin ( 0 . 7853981633974483 )\r\n0 . 7071067811865475<\/pre>\n
math . tan ( x )
\nReturn the tangent of x radians.<\/p>\n
>>> math.tan ( 0 . 7853981633974483 )\r\n0.9999999999999999<\/pre>\n
Angular conversion<\/strong><\/p>\n
math . degrees ( x )
\nConverts angle x from radians to degrees.<\/p>\n
>>> math . degrees ( 1 . 5707963267948966 )\r\n90 . 0\r\n>>> 1 . 5707963267948966*180 \/ math . pi\r\n90 . 0<\/pre>\n
math . radians ( x )
\nConverts angle x from degrees to radians.<\/p>\n
>>> math . radians ( 90 )\r\n1 . 5707963267948966\r\n>>> ( 90*math . pi ) \/ 180\r\n1 . 5707963267948966<\/pre>\n
Hyperbolic functions<\/strong><\/p>\n
math . acosh ( x )
\nReturn the inverse hyperbolic cosine of x.<\/p>\n
>>> math . cosh ( 1 . 0 )\r\n1 . 5430806348152437<\/pre>\n
math . asinh ( x )
\nReturn the inverse hyperbolic sine of x.<\/p>\n
>>> math . asinh ( 1 . 0 )\r\n0 . 8813735870195429<\/pre>\n
math . atanh ( x )
\nReturn the inverse hyperbolic tangent of x.<\/p>\n
>>> math . atanh ( 0 . 8 )\r\n1 . 0986122886681098<\/pre>\n
math . cosh ( x )
\nReturn the hyperbolic cosine of x.<\/p>\n
>>> math . cosh ( 0 . 7853981633974483 )\r\n1 . 3246090892520057<\/pre>\n
math . sinh ( x )
\nReturn the hyperbolic sine of x.<\/p>\n
>>> math . sinh ( 0 . 7853981633974483)\r\n0 . 8686709614860095<\/pre>\n
math . tanh ( x )
\nReturn the hyperbolic tangent of x.<\/p>\n
>>> math . tanh ( 0 . 7853981633974483 )\r\n0 . 6557942026326724<\/pre>\n
Special functions<\/strong><\/p>\n
math . erf ( x )
\nReturn the error function at x.<\/p>\n
>>> math . erf ( 0 . 25 )\r\n0 . 2763263901682369<\/pre>\n
math . erfc ( x )
\nReturn the complementary error function at x i.e. 1-erf (x).<\/p>\n
>>> math . erf c ( 0 . 25 )\r\n0 . 7236736098317631<\/pre>\n
math . gamma ( x )
\nReturn the gamma function at x.<\/p>\n
>>> math . gamma ( 5 . 5 )\r\n52 . 34277778455352<\/pre>\n
math . lgamma ( x )
\nReturn the natural logarithm of the absolute value of the gamma function at x.<\/p>\n
>>> math . 1 gamma ( 5 . 5 )\r\n3 . 9578139676187165<\/pre>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
In this Page, We are Providing Python Programming \u2013 Constants. Students can visit for more Detail and Explanation of Python Handwritten Notes\u00a0Pdf. Python Programming \u2013 Constants Constants math.pi The mathematical constant \u03c0. math. e The mathematical constant e. >>> math.e 2.718281828459045 Number-theoretic and representation functions math . ceil ( x ) Return the ceiling of …<\/p>\n
  Python Programming \u2013 Constants<\/span> Read More »<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"spay_email":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_is_tweetstorm":false,"jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true},"categories":[5],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"\nPython Programming \u2013 Constants - Python Programs<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/python-programs.com\/python-programming-constants\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Python Programming \u2013 Constants - Python Programs\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"In this Page, We are Providing Python Programming \u2013 Constants. 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Students can visit for more Detail and Explanation of Python Handwritten Notes\u00a0Pdf. 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