{"id":8096,"date":"2021-09-30T16:00:38","date_gmt":"2021-09-30T10:30:38","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/python-programs.com\/?p=8096"},"modified":"2021-11-22T18:34:25","modified_gmt":"2021-11-22T13:04:25","slug":"python-program-to-find-the-odd-occurring-element-in-an-array-list","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/python-programs.com\/python-program-to-find-the-odd-occurring-element-in-an-array-list\/","title":{"rendered":"Python Program to Find the Odd Occurring Element in an Array\/list"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Are you new to the java programming language? We recommend you to ace up your practice session with these <a href=\"https:\/\/python-programs.com\/python-programming-examples-with-output\/\">Basic Java Programs Examples<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Given a list which contains all duplicate elements (each element occurs even times) except one element we have to find the odd occurring element.<\/p>\n<p>Given a array\/list the task is to print the odd occurring element in the given list.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Examples:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Example1:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Input:<\/strong><\/p>\n<pre>given list = [\u00a0 3 , 5, 4 ,1 ,4 ,8 ,5 , 1 ,3]<\/pre>\n<p><strong>Output:<\/strong><\/p>\n<pre id=\"codeOutputPre\">The odd occurring number in the given list 8<\/pre>\n<p><strong>Example2:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Input:<\/strong><\/p>\n<pre>given list = [ 1 , 4 ,2 ,4 ,1]<\/pre>\n<p><strong>Output:<\/strong><\/p>\n<pre id=\"codeOutputPre\">The odd occurring number in the given list 2<\/pre>\n<h2>Program to Find the Odd Occurring Element in an Array\/list in Python<\/h2>\n<p>There are several ways to find the odd occurring element in an array .<\/p>\n<p>The first thought is to run two loops and use the count to determine the frequency of the items.<\/p>\n<p>If the count is one, the element is the odd one out in the specified array\/list.<\/p>\n<p>But this approach takes two loops. This approach therefore requires O(n^2) time complexity.<\/p>\n<p>This program is therefore not an efficient way.<\/p>\n<p>We will look at the efficient approaches below.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"#Using_Hashing\">Using Hashing<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#Using_XOR(Bitwise_Operator)\">Using XOR(Bitwise Operator)<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Drive into <a href=\"https:\/\/python-programs.com\/python-programming-examples-with-output\/\">Python Programming Examples<\/a> and explore more instances related to python concepts so that you can become proficient in generating programs in Python Programming Language.<\/p>\n<h3 id=\"Using_Hashing\">Method #1:Using Hashing<\/h3>\n<p>We can use hashing to solve this problem in O(n) time for an input containing elements. We start by traversing the array and keeping track of the frequency of each entry in a hash table. Then, after processing each array element, return the element with the odd frequency. The drawback with this strategy is that it also need O(n) more space. It also necessitates one array traverse and one hash table traversal.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Approach:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>We use the Counter function to count the frequency of all entries in the given list, and it returns a dictionary with the elements as keys and the frequency as values.<\/li>\n<li>Traverse the frequency dictionary and check the values of every key in it.<\/li>\n<li>If the value is 1 then print the element because it is odd occurring element in the given list<\/li>\n<li>Break the loop.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Below is the implementation:<\/strong><\/p>\n<pre class=\"EnlighterJSRAW\" data-enlighter-language=\"python\"># importing counter from collections\r\nfrom collections import Counter\r\n# function which returns the odd occuring element in the given list\r\n\r\n\r\ndef findOddNumb(given_list):\r\n    # Calculating the frequency of all elements using Counter() function\r\n    frequency = Counter(given_list)\r\n    # Traversing the frequency dictionary\r\n    for key in frequency:\r\n        # checking the value if it is 1\r\n        if(frequency[key] == 1):\r\n            # return the element\r\n            return key\r\n\r\n\r\n# Driver code\r\n# given list\r\ngiven_list = [3, 5, 4, 1, 4, 8, 5, 1, 3]\r\n# passing the given list to findOddNumb  to print the odd occuring number\r\n\r\nprint(\"The odd occuring number in the given list\", findOddNumb(given_list))\r\n<\/pre>\n<p><strong>Output:<\/strong><\/p>\n<pre id=\"codeOutputPre\">The odd occurring number in the given list 8<\/pre>\n<p><strong>Complexity analysis of the above approach :<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Time Complexity : O( n)<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Since hashing requires max of O(n) Time Complexity<\/p>\n<p><strong>Space Complexity : O(n)<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Since it requires extra space<\/p>\n<h3 id=\"Using_XOR(Bitwise_Operator)\">Method #2:Using XOR(Bitwise Operator)<\/h3>\n<p>We can solve this problem\u00a0<span class=\"rcolor2\" data-name=\"in a|during a|in an exceedingly|in a very\">during a\u00a0<\/span>single traversal of the array and constant space. The idea is to use the XOR operator. We know that if we XOR\u00a0<span class=\"rcolor4\" data-name=\"a number|variety\">of a number <\/span>with itself an odd number of times, the\u00a0<span class=\"rcolor5\" data-name=\"result is|result's\">result&#8217;s\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"rcolor6\" data-name=\"the number|the amount|the quantity\">the amount\u00a0<\/span>itself; otherwise, if we XOR <span class=\"rcolor4\" data-name=\"a number|variety\">of a number<\/span><span class=\"rcolor1\" data-name=\"a number|variety\">\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"rcolor2\" data-name=\"an even|a good|a fair|an excellent\">a even <\/span>number of times with itself, the\u00a0<span class=\"rcolor3\" data-name=\"result is|result's\">result&#8217;s\u00a0<\/span>0. Also, the XOR <span class=\"rcolor4\" data-name=\"a number|variety\">of a number<\/span><span class=\"rcolor4\" data-name=\"a number|variety\">\u00a0<\/span>with 0\u00a0<span class=\"rcolor5\" data-name=\"is always|is usually|is often\">is usually\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"rcolor6\" data-name=\"the number|the amount|the quantity\">the amount\u00a0<\/span>itself.<\/p>\n<p>So, if we take XOR of all array elements, even appearing elements will cancel each other, and we are left with the only odd appearing element.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Below is the implementation:<\/strong><\/p>\n<pre class=\"EnlighterJSRAW\" data-enlighter-language=\"python\"># importing counter from collections\r\nfrom collections import Counter\r\n# function which returns the odd occuring element in the given list\r\n\r\n\r\ndef findOddNumb(given_list):\r\n    # Taking a variable xorEle and initialize it with 0\r\n    xorEle = 0\r\n    # Traversing the given list\r\n    for ele in given_list:\r\n        xorEle = xorEle ^ ele\r\n\r\n    # return the odd occuring element\r\n    return xorEle\r\n\r\n\r\n# Driver code\r\n# given list\r\ngiven_list = [3, 5, 4, 1, 4, 8, 5, 1, 3]\r\n# passing the given list to findOddNumb  to print the odd occuring number\r\n\r\nprint(\"The odd occuring number in the given list\", findOddNumb(given_list))\r\n<\/pre>\n<p><strong>Output:<\/strong><\/p>\n<pre id=\"codeOutputPre\">The odd occurring number in the given list 8<\/pre>\n<p><strong>Complexity analysis of the above approach :<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Time Complexity : O( n)<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Since it requires only one Traversal<\/p>\n<p><strong>Space Complexity : O(1)<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Since it doesn&#8217;t requires any extra space<\/p>\n<p><strong>Related Programs<\/strong>:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/python-programs.com\/python-program-to-find-the-missing-number-in-an-array-list\/\">Python Program to Find the Missing Number in an array\/list<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/python-programs.com\/python-program-to-move-all-zeros-present-in-an-array-list-to-the-end\/\">Python Program to Move all Zeros present in an Array\/List to the End<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/python-programs.com\/python-program-to-find-a-pair-with-the-given-sum-in-an-array\/\">Python Program to Find a Pair with the Given Sum in an Array<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/python-programs.com\/python-program-to-find-the-second-largest-number-in-a-list\/\">Python Program to Find the Second Largest Number in a List<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/python-programs.com\/python-program-to-sort-a-list-of-tuples-in-increasing-order-by-the-last-element-in-each-tuple\/\">Python Program to Sort a List of Tuples in Increasing Order by the Last Element in Each Tuple<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/python-programs.com\/python-program-to-find-the-sum-of-elements-in-a-list-recursively\/\">Python Program to Find the Sum of Elements in a List Recursively<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/python-programs.com\/python-program-to-sort-the-list-according-to-the-second-element-in-sublist\/\">Python Program to Sort the List According to the Second Element in Sublist<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Are you new to the java programming language? We recommend you to ace up your practice session with these Basic Java Programs Examples Given a list which contains all duplicate elements (each element occurs even times) except one element we have to find the odd occurring element. Given a array\/list the task is to print &hellip;<\/p>\n<p class=\"read-more\"> <a class=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/python-programs.com\/python-program-to-find-the-odd-occurring-element-in-an-array-list\/\"> <span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Python Program to Find the Odd Occurring Element in an Array\/list<\/span> Read More &raquo;<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":8105,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"spay_email":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_is_tweetstorm":false,"jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true},"categories":[5],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v18.9 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Python Program to Find the Odd Occurring Element in an Array\/list - Python Programs<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/python-programs.com\/python-program-to-find-the-odd-occurring-element-in-an-array-list\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Python Program to Find the Odd Occurring Element in an Array\/list - Python Programs\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Are you new to the java programming language? 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We recommend you to ace up your practice session with these Basic Java Programs Examples Given a list which contains all duplicate elements (each element occurs even times) except one element we have to find the odd occurring element. 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