Python Program to Swap Upper Diagonal Elements with Lower Diagonal Elements of Matrix

In the previous article, we have discussed Python Program for Frequencies of Even and Odd Numbers in a Matrix

Given a square matrix, the task is to swap the upper diagonal elements and lower diagonal elements of a given matrix.

What is a matrix:

A matrix is a rectangular sequence of numbers divided into columns and rows. A matrix element or entry is a number that appears in a matrix.

Diagonal Matrix:

The entries outside the main diagonal of a diagonal matrix are all 0; the word usually refers to square matrices.

Example:

Above is the matrix which contains 5 rows and 4 columns and having elements from 1 to 20.

In this order, the dimensions of a matrix indicate the number of rows and columns.

Here as there are 5 rows and 4 columns it is called a 5*4 matrix.

Examples:

Example1:

Input:

Given Matrix :
10 20 30 
45 60 70
11 12 13

Output:

The Matrix after swapping the upper diagonal and lower diagonal elements is:
10 45 11 
20 60 12 
30 70 13

Example2:

Input:

Given Matrix :
3 5 1 
4 2 0
2 6 4

Output:

The Matrix after swapping the upper diagonal and lower diagonal elements is:
3 4 2 
5 2 6 
1 0 4

Program to Swap Upper Diagonal Elements with Lower Diagonal Elements of Matrix in Python

Below are the ways to swap the upper diagonal elements and lower diagonal elements of a given matrix in python:

• Using For Loop (Static Input)
• Using For loop (User Input)

Method #1: Using For Loop (Static Input)

Approach:

• Give the matrix as static input and store it in a variable.
• Calculate the number of rows of the given matrix by calculating the length of the nested list using the len() function and store it in a variable mtrxrows.
• Calculate the number of columns of the given matrix by calculating the length of the first list in the nested list using the len() function and store it in a variable mtrxcolums.
• Loop till the given number of rows using the For loop.
• Inside the For loop, iterate from the iterator value +1 of the parent for loop to the given number of rows using another Nested For loop(Inner For loop).
• Swap mtrx[itor][k], mtrx[k][itor] using the comma(,) operator ( where itor is the iterator value of the parent for loop and k is the iterator value of the inner for loop).
• Loop till the given number of rows using the For loop.
•  Inside the For loop, Iterate till the given number of rows using another Nested For loop(Inner For loop).
• Print the element of the matrix by printing gvnmatrix[n][m] value where n is the iterator value of the parent For loop and m is the iterator value of the inner For loop.
• The Exit of the Program.

Below is the implementation:

# Give the matrix as static input and store it in a variable.
mtrx = [[10, 20, 30], [45, 60, 70], [11, 12, 13]]
# Calculate the number of rows of the given matrix by
# calculating the length of the nested list using the len() function
# and store it in a variable mtrxrows.
mtrxrows = len(mtrx)
# Calculate the number of columns of the given matrix by
# calculating the length of the first list in the nested list
# using the len() function and store it in a variable mtrxcols.
mtrxcols = len(mtrx[0])
# Loop till the given number of rows using the For loop.
for itor in range(0, mtrxrows):
   # Inside the For loop, iterate from the iterator value +1 of the parent for loop to the
   # given number of rows using another Nested For loop(Inner For loop).

    for k in range(itor + 1, mtrxrows):
      # Swap mtrx[itor][k], mtrx[k][itor] using the comma(,) operator ( where itor is the
      # iterator value of the parent for loop and k is the iterator value
      # of the inner for loop).

        mtrx[itor][k], mtrx[k][itor] = mtrx[k][itor], mtrx[itor][k]

print("The Matrix after swapping the upper diagonal and lower diagonal elements is:")
# Loop till the given number of rows using the For loop.
for n in range(mtrxrows):
    # Inside the For loop, Iterate till the given number of rows using another
    # Nested For loop(Inner For loop).
    for m in range(mtrxcols):
        # Print the element of the matrix by printing gvnmatrix[n][m] value
        # where n is the iterator value of the parent For loop and m is the iterator
        # value of the inner For loop.
        print(mtrx[n][m], end=' ')
    print()

Output:

The Matrix after swapping the upper diagonal and lower diagonal elements is:
10 45 11 
20 60 12 
30 70 13

Method #2: Using For loop (User Input)

Approach:

• Give the number of rows of the matrix as user input using the int(input()) function and store it in a variable.
• Give the number of columns of the matrix as user input using the int(input()) function and store it in another variable.
• Take a list and initialize it with an empty value using [] or list() to say gvnmatrix.
• Loop till the given number of rows using the For loop
• Inside the For loop, Give all the row elements of the given Matrix as a list using the list(),map(),int(),split() functions and store it in a variable.
• Add the above row elements list to gvnmatrix using the append() function.
• Loop till the given number of rows using the For loop.
• Inside the For loop, iterate from the iterator value +1 of the parent for loop to the given number of rows using another Nested For loop(Inner For loop).
• Swap mtrx[itor][k], mtrx[k][itor] using the comma(,) operator ( where itor is the iterator value of the parent for loop and k is the iterator value of the inner for loop).
• Loop till the given number of rows using the For loop.
•  Inside the For loop, Iterate till the given number of rows using another Nested For loop(Inner For loop).
• Print the element of the matrix by printing gvnmatrix[n][m] value where n is the iterator value of the parent For loop and m is the iterator value of the inner For loop.
• The Exit of the Program.

Below is the implementation:

# Give the number of rows of the matrix as user input using the int(input()) function
# and store it in a variable.
mtrxrows = int(input('Enter some random number of rows of the matrix = '))
# Give the number of columns of the matrix as user input using the int(input()) function
# and store it in another variable.
mtrxcols = int(input('Enter some random number of columns of the matrix = '))
# Take a list and initialize it with an empty value using [] or list() to say gvnmatrix.
mtrx = []
# Loop till the given number of rows using the For loop
for n in range(mtrxrows):
    # Inside the For loop, Give all the row elements of the given Matrix as a list using
    # the list(),map(),int(),split() functions and store it in a variable.
    l = list(map(int, input(
        'Enter {'+str(mtrxcols)+'} elements of row {'+str(n+1)+'} separated by spaces = ').split()))
    # Add the above row elements list to gvnmatrix using the append() function.

    mtrx.append(l)

# Loop till the given number of rows using the For loop.
for itor in range(0, mtrxrows):
   # Inside the For loop, iterate from the iterator value +1 of the parent for loop to the
   # given number of rows using another Nested For loop(Inner For loop).

    for k in range(itor + 1, mtrxrows):
      # Swap mtrx[itor][k], mtrx[k][itor] using the comma(,) operator ( where itor is the
      # iterator value of the parent for loop and k is the iterator value
      # of the inner for loop).

        mtrx[itor][k], mtrx[k][itor] = mtrx[k][itor], mtrx[itor][k]

print("The Matrix after swapping the upper diagonal and lower diagonal elements is:")
# Loop till the given number of rows using the For loop.
for n in range(mtrxrows):
    # Inside the For loop, Iterate till the given number of rows using another
    # Nested For loop(Inner For loop).
    for m in range(mtrxcols):
        # Print the element of the matrix by printing gvnmatrix[n][m] value
        # where n is the iterator value of the parent For loop and m is the iterator
        # value of the inner For loop.
        print(mtrx[n][m], end=' ')
    print()

Output:

Enter some random number of rows of the matrix = 3
Enter some random number of columns of the matrix = 3
Enter {3} elements of row {1} separated by spaces = 3 5 1 
Enter {3} elements of row {2} separated by spaces = 4 2 0
Enter {3} elements of row {3} separated by spaces = 2 6 4
The Matrix after swapping the upper diagonal and lower diagonal elements is:
3 4 2 
5 2 6 
1 0 4

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