Python Programming – Introduction to Python

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Python Programming – Introduction to Python

Open-source software

Before stepping into the world of programming using open source tools, one should try to understand the definition of open-source software given by “Open Source Initiative” (abbreviated as OSI). OSI is a non-profit corporation with global scope, formed to educate about and advocate the benefits of open source software, and to build bridges among different constituencies in the open-source community.

Open-source software is a defined as software whose source code is made available under a license that allows modification and re-distribution of the software at will. Sometimes a distinction is made between open source software and free software as given by GNU {http://www.gnu.org/). The detailed distribution terms of open-source software given by OSI are given on the website link: http://opensource. org/.

Python(x,y)

“Python(x,y)” is a free scientific and engineering development software for numerical computations, data analysis, and data visualization based on Python programming language and Spyder interactive development environment, the launcher (current version 2.7.6.0) is shown in figure 1-5. The executable file of Python(x,y) can be downloaded and then installed from the website link: http://code.google.eom/p/pythonxy/. The main features of Python(x,y) are:

  • Bundled with scientific-oriented Python libraries and development environment tools.
  • Extensive documentation of various Python packages.
  • Providing an all-in-one setup program, so that the user can install or uninstall all these packages and features by clicking one button only.

Python Handwritten Notes Chapter 1 img 5

EBNF

A “syntactic metalanguage” is a notation for defining the syntax of a language by the use of a number of rules. A syntactic metalanguage is an important tool of computer science. Since the definition of the programming language “Algol 60”, it has been a custom to define the syntax of a programming language formally. Algol 60 was defined with a notation now known as “Backus-Naur Form” (BNF). This notation has proved a suitable basis for subsequent languages but has frequently been extended or slightly altered.

There are many different notations that are confusing and have prevented the advantages of formal unambiguous definitions from being widely appreciated. “Extended BNF” (abbreviated as EBNF, based on Backus-Naur Form) brings some order to the formal definition of the syntax and is useful not just for the definition of programming languages, but for many other formal definitions. Please refer international standard document (ISO/IEC 14977:1996(E)) for detailed information on EBNF (website link: http://standards.iso.org/ittf/PubliclyAvailobleStandards/).