In the previous article, we have discussed Python Program to Find Square of a Matrix
Given a matrix and the task is to check if the given matrix is diagonal or not in Python.
What is a matrix:
A matrix is a rectangular sequence of numbers divided into columns and rows. A matrix element or entry is a number that appears in a matrix.
Diagonal Matrix:
The entries outside the main diagonal of a diagonal matrix are all 0; the word usually refers to square matrices.
Example:
Above is the matrix which contains 5 rows and 4 columns and having elements from 1 to 20.
In this order, the dimensions of a matrix indicate the number of rows and columns.
Here as there are 5 rows and 4 columns it is called a 5*4 matrix.
Examples:
Example1:
Input:
Given Matrix : 3 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 2
Output:
The Matrix given is a diagonal Matrix.
Example2:
Input:
Given Matrix : 1 2 3 6 5 4 7 8 9
Output:
The Matrix given is not a diagonal Matrix.
Program to Check Whether a Matrix is Diagonal or Not in Python
Below are the ways to check if the given matrix is diagonal or not in Python:
Method #1: Using For Loop (Static Input)
Approach:
- Give the matrix as static input and store it in a variable.
- Calculate the number of rows of the given matrix by calculating the length of the nested list using the len() function and store it in a variable mtrxrows.
- Calculate the number of columns of the given matrix by calculating the length of the first list in the nested list using the len() function and store it in a variable mtrxcolums.
- Take a variable say tempo and initialize its value to zero.
- Loop till the given number of rows using the For loop.
- Inside the For loop, Iterate till the given number of columns using another Nested For loop(Inner For loop).
- Check if the condition n is not equal to m and gvnmatrix[n][m] not equal to 0 using the if conditional statement where n is the iterator value of the parent For loop and m is the iterator value of the inner For loop.
- If the statement is true, then make the value of tempo as 1.
- Break the statement and come out of the loop.
- Check if the value of tempo is equal to 1 using the if conditional statement.
- If the statement is true, then print “The Matrix given is not a diagonal Matrix.”
- Else print “The Matrix given is a diagonal Matrix.”
- The Exit of the Program.
Below is the implementation:
# Give the matrix as static input and store it in a variable.
mtrx = [[3, 0, 0], [0, 1, 0], [0, 0, 2]]
# Calculate the number of rows of the given matrix by
# calculating the length of the nested list using the len() function
# and store it in a variable mtrxrows.
mtrxrows = len(mtrx)
# Calculate the number of columns of the given matrix by
# calculating the length of the first list in the nested list
# using the len() function and store it in a variable mtrxcols.
mtrxcols = len(mtrx[0])
# Take a variable and initialize its value to zero.
tempo = 0
# To print all the elements of the given matrix.
# Loop till the given number of rows using the For loop.
for n in range(mtrxrows):
# Inside the For loop, Iterate till the given number of columns using another
# Nested For loop(Inner For loop).
for m in range(mtrxcols):
# Check if the condition n is not equal to m and gvnmatrix[n][m] not equal to 0 using the
# if conditional statement where n is the iterator value of the parent For loop and m
# is the iterator value of the inner For loop.
if n != m and mtrx[n][m] != 0:
# If the statement is true, then make the value of tempo as 1.
tempo = 1
# Break the statement and come out of the loop.
break
# Check if the value of tempo is equal to 1 using the if conditional statement.
if tempo == 1:
# If the statement is true, then print "The Matrix given is not a diagonal Matrix."
print("The Matrix given is not a diagonal Matrix.")
else:
# Else print "The Matrix given is a diagonal Matrix."
print("The Matrix given is a diagonal Matrix.")
Output:
The Matrix given is a diagonal Matrix.
Method #2: Using For loop (User Input)
Approach:
- Give the number of rows of the matrix as user input using the int(input()) function and store it in a variable.
- Give the number of columns of the matrix as user input using the int(input()) function and store it in another variable.
- Take a list and initialize it with an empty value using [] or list() to say gvnmatrix.
- Loop till the given number of rows using the For loop
- Inside the For loop, Give all the row elements of the given Matrix as a list using the list(),map(),int(),split() functions and store it in a variable.
- Add the above row elements list to gvnmatrix using the append() function.
- Take a variable say tempo and initialize its value to zero.
- Loop till the given number of rows using the For loop.
- Inside the For loop, Iterate till the given number of columns using another Nested For loop(Inner For loop).
- Check if the condition n is not equal to m and gvnmatrix[n][m] not equal to 0 using the if conditional statement where n is the iterator value of the parent For loop and m is the iterator value of the inner For loop.
- If the statement is true, then make the value of tempo as 1.
- Break the statement and come out of the loop.
- Check if the value of tempo is equal to 1 using the if conditional statement.
- If the statement is true, then print “The Matrix given is not a diagonal Matrix.”
- Else print “The Matrix given is a diagonal Matrix.”
- The Exit of the Program.
Below is the implementation:
# Give the number of rows of the matrix as user input using the int(input()) function
# and store it in a variable.
mtrxrows = int(input('Enter some random number of rows of the matrix = '))
# Give the number of columns of the matrix as user input using the int(input()) function
# and store it in another variable.
mtrxcols = int(input('Enter some random number of columns of the matrix = '))
# Take a list and initialize it with an empty value using [] or list() to say gvnmatrix.
mtrx = []
# Loop till the given number of rows using the For loop
for n in range(mtrxrows):
# Inside the For loop, Give all the row elements of the given Matrix as a list using
# the list(),map(),int(),split() functions and store it in a variable.
l = list(map(int, input(
'Enter {'+str(mtrxcols)+'} elements of row {'+str(n+1)+'} separated by spaces = ').split()))
# Add the above row elements list to gvnmatrix using the append() function.
mtrx.append(l)
# Take a variable say tempo and initialize its value to zero.
tempo = 0
# To print all the elements of the given matrix.
# Loop till the given number of rows using the For loop.
for n in range(mtrxrows):
# Inside the For loop, Iterate till the given number of columns using another
# Nested For loop(Inner For loop).
for m in range(mtrxcols):
# Check if the condition n is not equal to m and gvnmatrix[n][m] not equal to 0 using the
# if conditional statement where n is the iterator value of the parent For loop and m
# is the iterator value of the inner For loop.
if n != m and mtrx[n][m] != 0:
# If the statement is true, then make the value of tempo as 1.
tempo = 1
# Break the statement and come out of the loop.
break
# Check if the value of tempo is equal to 1 using the if conditional statement.
if tempo == 1:
# If the statement is true, then print "The Matrix given is not a diagonal Matrix."
print("The Matrix given is not a diagonal Matrix.")
else:
# Else print "The Matrix given is a diagonal Matrix."
print("The Matrix given is a diagonal Matrix.")
Output:
Enter some random number of rows of the matrix = 3
Enter some random number of columns of the matrix = 3
Enter {3} elements of row {1} separated by spaces = 1 2 3
Enter {3} elements of row {2} separated by spaces = 6 5 4
Enter {3} elements of row {3} separated by spaces = 7 8 9
The Matrix given is not a diagonal Matrix.
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