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Recursion in Python:
Python also supports function recursion, which means that a specified function can call itself.
Recursion is a mathematical and programming concept that is widely used. It signifies that a function calls itself. This has the advantage of allowing you to loop through data to obtain a result.
The developer must exercise extreme caution when using recursion since it is quite easy to write a function that never terminates or consumes excessive amounts of memory or computing power. However, when performed correctly, recursion may be a tremendously efficient and mathematically elegant way to programming.
Nested List:
A list can include any form of the object, including another list (sublist), which can contain sublists, and so on. This is referred to as a nested list.
Given a nested list, the task is to calculate the sum of the elements in the given list using recursion.
Examples:
Example1:
Input:
given nested list = [[7, 8, 2], [11, 19, 29, 63, 91], [12, 52, 98], [11, 19, 18], [11, 28, 34, 39, 35, 56, 87, 46, 1, 2], [5], [9, 23], [3, 23, 124]]
Output:
Printing the given nested list : [[7, 8, 2], [11, 19, 29, 63, 91], [12, 52, 98], [11, 19, 18], [11, 28, 34, 39, 35, 56, 87, 46, 1, 2], [5], [9, 23], [3, 23, 124]] The sum of all elements of the given nested list is : 966
Example2:
Input:
given Nested List = [[1, 7], [11, 28, 122], [99, 100, 11, 111]]
Output:
Printing the given nested list : [[1, 7], [11, 28, 122], [99, 100, 11, 111]] The sum of all elements of the given nested list is : 490
Program to Find the Total Sum of a Nested List Using Recursion in Python
Below is the full approach to calculate the total sum of all the elements in the given nested list using recursion in python.
Idea:
Iterate through the list, and if an element of the list is also a list, we must perform the same operation of calculating the total with this element list (which can be nested). So now that we’ve identified a subproblem, we can use the same method to complete the task by simply changing the argument to this sublist. If the element isn’t a list, just add its value to the global total.
Approach:
- Give the nested list as static input and store it in a variable.
- To find the total of the list’s elements, pass the list as an input to a recursive function say sumNestedListRecursion.
- Taking a variable that stores the sum of the elements of a nested list
and Initialize it with 0. - To get the elements inside the sublists, use a for loop and recursion in the function, and store the summed up elements in a variable.
- The total sum of all the elements(integers) in the given nested list will be returned.
- Print the total sum of all the elements in the given nested list.
- The exit of the program.
Below is the implementation:
# function which takes the nested list as argument and # returnsthe sum of the given nested list. def sumnestedListRecursion(givenNestedList): # Taking a variable that stores the sum of the elements of a nested list # and Initialize it with 0. totalNestedSum = 0 # To get the elements inside the sublists, use a for loop and recursion in the function, # and store the summed up elements in a variable. for eleme in givenNestedList: if (type(eleme) == type([])): totalNestedSum = totalNestedSum + sumnestedListRecursion(eleme) else: totalNestedSum = totalNestedSum + eleme # return the total sum of all the elements in the given nested list. return totalNestedSum # Give the nested list as static input and store it in a variable. givenNestedList = [[7, 8, 2], [11, 19, 29, 63, 91], [12, 52, 98], [11, 19, 18], [11, 28, 34, 39, 35, 56, 87, 46, 1, 2], [5], [9, 23], [3, 23, 124]] # printing the given nested list print('Printing the given nested list : \n', givenNestedList) # passing the given nested list as an argument to the recursive function sumnestedListRecursion # which returns the sum of the given nested list. print("The sum of all elements of the given nested list is :", sumnestedListRecursion(givenNestedList))
Output:
Printing the given nested list : [[7, 8, 2], [11, 19, 29, 63, 91], [12, 52, 98], [11, 19, 18], [11, 28, 34, 39, 35, 56, 87, 46, 1, 2], [5], [9, 23], [3, 23, 124]] The sum of all elements of the given nested list is : 966
Explanation:
- A nested list(list of lists) is initialized in a variable.
- To find the sum of the list’s elements, the list is passed as an argument to a recursive function.
- A for loop and repeated recursion are used in the function to acquire the elements within the sublists.
- The sum of the elements is calculated and returned.
- The sum of the list of lists(nested list) elements is printed.
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