Python Program to Solve Quadratic Equation

Python Program to Solve Quadratic Equation

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Solve Quadratic Equation using Python

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1)Quadratic Equation

Quadratics or quadratic equations are polynomial equations of the second degree, which means that they contain at least one squared word.

ax2 + bx + c = 0

where x is an unknown variable and the numerical coefficients a , b , c.

2)Discriminant value

Discriminant = b ^ 2 - 4 * a *c

Based on the value of discriminant there are three types of roots for Quadratic Equation

3)Calculating roots of Quadratic Equation

roots = ( -b + sqrt(b ^ 2 - 4 * a *c) ) / (2 * a)   , ( -b - sqrt(b ^ 2 - 4 * a *c) ) / (2 * a)

Where sqrt is square root.

4)Types of roots

i)Real and distinct roots

When the Value of discriminant is greater than 0 then there exist two distinct roots for the quadratic equation

which can be calculated using the above roots formula.

Examples:

Input:

a = 2
b = -7
c = 6

Output:

The two distinct roots are : 
(2+0j)
(1.5+0j)

ii)Real and equal roots

When the Value of discriminant is equal to 0 then there exist two equal roots for the quadratic equation .

which can be calculated using the above roots formula.

Examples:

Input:

a = 1
b = -4
c = 4

Output:

The two equal roots are : 
2.0 2.0

iii)Complex roots

When the Value of discriminant is greater than 0 then there exist two complex roots for the quadratic equation .

which can be calculated using the above roots formula.

Examples:

Input:

a = 5
b = 2
c = 3

Output:

There exists two complex roots:
(-1+1.7320508075688772j)
(-1-1.7320508075688772j)

5)Approach

  • To perform complex square root, we imported the cmath module.
  • First, we compute the discriminant.
  • Using if..elif..else we do the below steps
  • If the value of discriminant is  greater than 0 then we print real roots using mathematical formula.
  • If the value of discriminant is  equal to 0 then we print two equal roots using mathematical formula.
  • If the value of discriminant is  less than 0 then we print two complex roots using mathematical formula.

6)Implementation:

Below is the implementation:

# importing cmath
import cmath
# given a,b,c values
a = 2
b = -7
c = 6
discriminant = (b**2) - (4*a*c)
# checking if the value of discriminant is greater than 0
if(discriminant > 0):
    # here exist the two distinct roots and we print them
    # calculating the roots
    root1 = (-b+discriminant) / (2 * a)
    root2 = (-b-discriminant) / (2 * a)
    # printing the roots

    print("The two distinct roots are : ")
    print(root1)
    print(root2)
# checking if the value of discriminant is equal to 0
elif(discriminant == 0):
    # here exist the two equal roots
    # calculating single root here discriminant is 0 so we dont need to write full formulae
    root = (-b)/(2*a)
    # printing the root
    print("The two equal roots are : ")
    print(root, root)
# else there exists complex roots
else:
    # here exist the two complex roots
    # calculating complex roots
    realpart = -b/(2*a)
    complexpart = discriminant/(2*a)*(-1)
    # printing the roots
    print("There exists two complex roots:")
    print(realpart, "+", complexpart, "i")
    print(realpart, "-", complexpart, "i")

Output:

The two distinct roots are : 
(2+0j)
(1.5+0j)

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